![]() The error bars are normally calculated from the data using the describe function. This allows for comparisons between variables. If within=TRUE, the error bars are corrected for the correlation with the other variables by reducing the variance by a factor of (1-smc). By default, the confidence interval is 1.96 standard errors of the t-distribution. Other parameters to pass to the plot function, e.g., typ="b" to draw lines, lty="dashed" to draw dashed linesĭrawing the mean +/- a confidence interval is a frequently used function when reporting experimental results. If raw is FALSE, display the graphs in terms of probability, raw TRUE displays the data in terms of raw counts Percentages are based upon the row totals (default) column totals, or grand total of the data Table If negative, solid colors, if positive, how many lines to draw Should the error variance of a variable be corrected by 1-SMC?Ĭolor(s) of the catseyes. How long should the top of the error bars be?Īdd=FALSE, new plot, add=TRUE, just points and error barsīars=TRUE will draw a bar graph if you really want to do that Where to place text: below, left, above, right If TRUE, draw one standard deviation instead of standard errors at the alpha level 5)Īlpha level of confidence interval – defaults to 95% confidence interval If specified, the x limits for the plot, otherwise c(.5,nvar +. If specified, the limits for the plot, otherwise based upon the data If using formula input, specify the object where the data may found ![]() if specified, the means, sd, n and perhaps of se of a data set to be plotted If formula input is specified, is called.Īlternatively, a ame of descriptive stats from (e.g., describe). Sd=FALSE, labels = NULL, pos = NULL, arrow.len = 0.05,l="black",Īdd = FALSE,bars=FALSE,within=FALSE, col=c("black","blue","red"),density=-10,Į(t,way="columns",raw=FALSE,col=c('blue','red').)Ī data frame or matrix of raw data OR, a formula of the form DV ~ IV. ![]() Xlab="Independent Variable", main=NULL,eyes=TRUE, ylim = NULL, xlim=NULL,alpha=.05, ![]() Usage error.bars(x,stats=NULL,data=NULL,group=NULL, ylab = "Dependent Variable", Alternatively, plots of means +/- one standard deviation may be drawn. Means and standard errors are calculated from the raw data using describe. Can also be combined with such functions as boxplot to summarize distributions. One of the many functions in R to plot means and confidence intervals. Plot means and confidence intervals Description ![]()
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